Slovakia VAT Guide for International Businesses

VAT Rates in Slovakia

The standard Value Added Tax rate (Daň z pridanej hodnoty (DPH)) in Slovakia is 23%, with some services exempt from Slovakian VAT, such as financial services, postal services, health care, etc.

VAT Registration Thresholds in Slovakia

• VAT registration threshold for domestic established sellers: businesses with a turnover of EUR 50,000 within a calendar year shall be obliged to file a tax registration application with the tax office.
  • In this case it becomes a VAT payer as of January 1 of the following calendar year.
  • However, if the business's net turnover amount exceeds EUR 62,500 within a calendar year, it becomes a taxpayer immediately. Voluntary registration is possible below the threshold.
• VAT registration threshold for non-established sellers: There is no VAT registration threshold.
  • Foreign businesses should file an application for tax registration at the Tax Office Bratislava before commencing an activity that is subject to VAT except for the importation of goods.
  • However, the Slovakian VAT Act specifies some performance of supplies of goods or services in Slovakia, that do not trigger the registration obligation, for example, certain zero-rated transport services and zero-rated services ancillary to transport services, etc.
• VAT registration threshold for intra-EU distance selling of goods and B2C telecommunications, broadcasting & electronic services (TBE): EUR 10,000 (net) per calendar year.
• VAT registration threshold for non-resident, non-EU based suppliers of Electronically Supplied Services (ESS): No registration threshold.

Slovak VAT Number Format

• Slovakia issues Tax Identification Number (TIN) (Identifikačné číslo pre daň z pridanej hodnoty (IČ DPH)) only for natural and legal persons who perform business activities within the country and who has tax registration obligation. TIN is not issued for citizens who do not have tax obligations.
• For individuals and businesses, the Tax Identification Number (TIN) consists of 10 digits.

As regards VAT registration, the number consists of the prefix “SK” and TIN:

• For individualsFormat: 9999999999
• For businessesFormat: SK9999999999

Slovakia VAT ID Validation

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VAT on Electronically Supplied Services (ESS) in Slovakia

Digital Services in the European Union (EU) are often referred to as electronically supplied services (ESS). Slovakia applies the harmonized EU VAT rules for ESS.

• For B2B supplies of such services, the general place of supply rule for services has to be taken into consideration.
• For B2C supplies, the EU ESS rules should apply to foreign companies selling to Slovakian consumers.

Under the EU’s B2C ESS rules, until the sales value reaches EUR 10,000 (including distance sales of goods), the seller can charge VAT where it is resident. Once the sales exceed the threshold, the seller should register for VAT in Slovakia, or it can choose to account for the VAT under the EU’s One Stop Shop (OSS) regime.

VAT Rate: 20% VAT is typically applied to the sale of affected Electronically Supplied Services.

Will your business need to pay VAT on digital services in Slovakia in 2024?

Learn More About VAT on Digital Services in Slovakia

Marketplace & Platform Operator Rules in Slovakia

Slovakia applies the harmonized European Union’s (EU) VAT rules for marketplace & platform operators.

Supply of goods

A marketplace is deemed to have received and supplied the goods themselves. This transaction is split into two supplies:

• A supply from the underlying supplier to the marketplace (deemed B2B supply)
• A supply from the marketplace to the final customer (deemed B2C supply).

This rule covers the following:

• Distance sales of goods imported to the EU with a value not exceeding EUR 150
• Supplies of goods to customers in the EU, irrespective of their value, when the underlying supplier is not established in the EU (both domestic supplies and distance sales within the EU are covered).

Supply of services

When electronically supplied services are sold through an intermediary, e.g. a marketplace for applications, the intermediary is deemed to have received and supplied the services themselves. Therefore, the VAT liability shifts to the intermediary from the underlying supplier.

Invoice Requirements in Slovakia

According to the Slovakian VAT Act, invoices should contain the following data:

• Document & general transaction information
  • Invoice sequential number
  • The date when the goods or services were supplied or when the payment was received, if this date can be determined and differs from the invoice issue date
  • The invoice issue date
• Supplier information
  • Name, address, and tax ID number
• Customer information
  • Name, address, and tax ID number
• Financial transaction information
  • Quantity and description or type of the goods delivered or services performed
  • The taxable amount for each VAT rate, the unit price without VAT, and reductions and discounts, if these are not included in the unit price
  • VAT rate or the exemption applied
  • The amount of the VAT due (in EUR)
• Additional information that may be required:
  • Reference to VAT exemption
  • Reference to self-billing
  • Reference to reverse charge mechanism
  • The information about a new means of transport supplied
  • Reference to Margin scheme — Travel agents
  • Reference to Margin scheme — Works of art or Margin scheme — Collector’s items and antiques or — Margin scheme – Second-hand goods
  • Tax representative data: name, address, tax ID number

The taxpayer may issue a simplified invoice if the total amount of the invoice does not exceed EUR 100. The simplified invoice should not contain the customer’s data and the unit price.

E-Invoicing & Digital Reporting for Slovakia

Currently, e-invoicing and digital reporting are not mandatory in Slovakia but are permitted. Although, the Ministry of Finance is working on the introduction of the Slovakian e-invoicing system. It is likely that e-invoicing for B2G transactions is expected to become mandatory from April 2023 and there are proposals in relation to the extension of the obligations to B2B transactions too, but to date, the proposed draft law is yet to be approved.

In the first half of 2019, a new requirement was introduced in Slovakia, which mandates all cash registers to have a direct online connection to Slovak Financial Directorate through a system called "eKasa". Through this system, all transaction data is transmitted automatically to the Tax Authorities. Additionally, the use of electronic cash registers abolishes the need to print bills if the customer agrees to receive the bill via email.

Learn more about E-Invoicing and Digital Reporting in Slovakia

Governmental Body Responsible for Invoicing in Slovakia

In Slovakia, the Financial Administration (Finančná Správa) is the governmental body responsible for tax matters.

VAT Payments and Returns in Slovakia

Full VAT Returns

Slovakia does not provide simplified VAT returns for VAT-registered non-resident taxpayers supplying electronically supplied services. Instead, they can avoid VAT registration in Slovakia and use the EU One-Stop Shop (OSS) return.

Penalties in case of late filings or misdeclarations

In the case of the late filing of VAT returns and payments, the Slovakian Tax Authorities enforce the following penalties:

• If a taxpayer fails to file the VAT return within the specified time limit, a penalty between EUR 30 and EUR 16,000 might be imposed.
• The penalties for non-compliance with the reporting requirements range from EUR 30 to EUR 3,000.
• If a company fails to comply with the registration obligation within the specified time limit, a penalty between EUR 60 and EUR 20,000 might be imposed.
• For late payment of VAT, the late payment interest rate is determined by taking the greater value between an annual interest rate of 15% or four times the ECB's interest rate.